Title: T4 / MDBI / Moment 1 / Klinisk Fysiologi / Avledningar EKG

Q: In what plane can a depolarsation be seen?
A: The re- and depolarisation is a 3D process, while the readout only examine the movement of these in one plane

Q: How can the leads of the EKG be grouped and in which planes do the show the depolarisations?
A: The 12 groups of the leads on the EKG divides into 2 groups of 6
- 6 chest leads (precordial leads) examine the flow of depolarisation and repolarisation through the heart in the horizontal or transverse plane
- 6 frontal leads examine the electrical events in the frontal plane

Q: Where are V1 and V2?
A: - V1 and V2 face the surface of the right ventricle, but also the septum
- V1 and 2 are the septal leads

Q: Where are V3 and V4?
A: V3 and V4 face the anterior wall of the left ventricle

Q: Where are V5 and V6?
A: V5 and V6 face the lateral wall of the left ventricle

Q: How can the frontal leads be grouped?
A: Frontal leads can be grouped into:
- Standard limb leads, I, II, III
- Augmented vector leads, aVR, aVL, aVF

Q: What is the direction of lead I?
A: Lead I looks directly at the heart from the patients left and defines 0 degrees

Q: What is the direction of lead II?
A: Lead II look at the heart at a 60 degree angle from lead I

Q: What is the direction of lead III?
A: Lead III looks at the heart from a 60 degree angle from Lead II

Q: What is the direction of aVL?
A: aVL looks at the heart from the left, 30 anticlockwise from lead I

Q: What is the direction of aVR?
A: aVR looks at the heart from the right and 30 above the horizontal relative to lead I

Q: What is the direction of aVF?
A: aVF looks straight up at the inferior surface of the heart and is 90 degrees clockwise from lead I

Q: What can the electrical forces of re- and depolarisaton be compared to?
A: The electrial forces of de- and repolarisation are vectors

Q: How else can the leads be grouped?
A: The leads are also considered in groups that face the adjacent anatomical areas of the heart

Q: Which are the inferior leads?
A: II, III, aVF

Q: Which are the anteroseptal leads?
A: V1, V2, V3, V4

Q: Which are the left lateral leads?
A: I, aVL, V5, V6

Q: Where are the inferior leads located?
A: 3 of the frontal leads (III, aVF and II)  face the inferior surface of the heart and are the inferior leads

Q: Where are the anteroseptal leads located?
A: V1 and V2 face the ventricular septum and V3 and V4 face the anterior surface of the right ventrical - these are the anterior/anteroseptal leads

Q: Where are the left lateral leads located?
A: I, aVL, V5 and V6 are the lateral leads and face left lateral surface of the left ventricle

Q: What do the lead-groups analyse?
A: The lead grops analyse electrical events in all areas of the heart in the relevant plane from the perspective indicated from their designations